Showing posts with label Louis XIV. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Louis XIV. Show all posts

18th century, Birth of Design, Furniture Masterpieces 1650-1789


Marie Antoinette's jewelry case, used for storing her diamonds, rubies and other pearls, is one of the many stunning objects on display in a new exhibition at Versailles.

The exhibition 18th century, Birth of Design, Furniture Masterpieces 1650-1789  showcases the "innovative and avant-garde nature of the shapes, techniques, decorations and materials used in 18th century furniture."  The 18th century saw a revolution in design and functionality, and the desire for multi-functionality in furniture.


Book Review: The Gardener of Versailles


I am very excited to share my review of The Gardener of Versailles: My Life in the World's Grandest Garden, which I recently featured on my my latest reading list! This book was just released February 11th, and I am hosting a giveaway for this new book this week!

Three favorite homes of Louis XV


Towards the end of his life, Louis XV spent his time between these three homes.


Royal Treasures from the Louvre: Louis XIV to Marie-Antoinette


When the Louvre sends art work to you, you go visit it!  The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco has just opened their latest exhibition: Royal Treasures from the Louvre: Louis XIV to Marie-Antoinette. 


Versailles and Antiquity #exhibition


The newest exhibition featured at the Palace of Versailles will bring over 200 art objects together that trace the inspirations classic antiquity held over Versailles. The exhibition will feature art works that have not been to Versailles since their removal during the time of the Revolution. It will be on view from November 13 2012-March 17 2013.


Exhibition: The 18th Century City / 18th Century Google Maps!




The latest exhibition at the Grand Palais is called France in Relief, Masterpieces from the collection of relief maps of Louis XIV to Napoleon III. The show features amazing scaled-down maps of some primary European cities made of wood, paper, metal and silk.  In a way, they are like the 18th century version of Google Maps.


Kings of France Madame, they are always Louis

 "His forehead was large and his features strongly marked, he had rather a down cast, though a steady, look. His eyes were blue and large...he had full cheeks, a well proportioned mouth and regular teeth."

M. Montjoye on Louis XVI from Adolphus, John. 1799.  Biographical memoirs of the French Revolution. London: T. Cadell, jun. and W. Davies



Well they were not all "Louis" to be fair, but France had its share of Kings Louis on the throne.  Here are some of the later ones by artists Fouquet, Perréal, de Champaigne, Le Brun, and Duplessis.

If the portraits themselves are not pleasing to you, (who said all Kings were handsome?) perhaps the fashions and accessories, or complimentary reds and greens will be!


Jean Fouquet, Portrait of Louis XI. Oil on panel. Image Source.


Jean Perréal, Louis XII. c.1514. Windsor Castle. Royal Library.


Philippe de Champaigne, Louis XIII (1601-1643), King of France. Oil on canvas, 17th century. Musée Carnavalet.


Charles Le Brun, Portrait of Louis XIV. Painting, late 17th century.  Musée du Louvre.


Joseph Siffred Duplessis, Portrait of Louis XV, King of France (wearing breastplate and the Order of the Golden Fleece). Oil on canvas, 18th century. The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art.


Joseph Siffred Duplessis, Louis XVI. Oil on canvas, 1777. Musée Carnavalet.

Cire Trudon Candles: The choice of Marie Antoinette

Birthday scene from Marie Antoinette, 2006.
I have been on the hunt for candles that wont leave dark soot marks on my ceilings.  (Although it may be nice, my walls are not stone so I really need to keep them clear of such marks!)  I asked around on Twitter to see if anyone had any suggestions and @wwmariedo pointed me in the direction of the historic candle company, Cire Trudon.

The company was founded in 1647 when a shopkeeper, Trudon, sold candles, constantly working to improve the quality of each one. His craftsmanship of the candles did not go unnoticed and by 1719 Trudon was creating candles for French nobles and the royal family.

The business was a success and the family was able to carry on the company.  The company famously catered to the court of Louis XIV and supplied candles for Versailles, commissioned by Marie Antoinette herself.  Today the company still makes high quality candles in their historic tradition.  The vegetable based wax burns for a long time and they use a pure cotton wick.

The scents of the candles are almost like recipes, they are layered and sometimes blended.  I am particularly fond of the historic varieties.  The company has made candles for Dior and also supplied the candles that decorated and lit the screen for Sofia Coppola's 2006 version of Marie Antoinette. Did you notice the candles in the film??


Trianon
The picking of jacinth, roses, white flowers, wild herbs from the meadows and graminaccous plants, this bunch of flowers reminds us of an ideal nature, that of the Nouvelle Heloise and the country life dreams of Marie Antoinette. vibrating with the memory of a summer evening and the warm musk scent of torches, this candle is a homage to the Queen of taste who inspired so many candles to Maison de cire Trudon.
Head: Galbanum, cyclamen. Heart: Jacinth, Rose white flowers. Bottom: Musk

La Marquise
The cheerful and powdered air of a delicious boudoir: verbena and lemon stimulate the sensuality of the white flowers and the rose. This perfume at once tender and clever, keeps up all the sharpness of Madame de Pompadour's conversations and the voluptuous charms of the Rocaille chic.
Head: Verbena, lemon, citronella. Heart: Rose. Bottom: Cedar, Rosewood.

Roi Soleil
Fragrance of the Mirror Gallery and the vast wooden floor of the Chateau de Versailles, vapours of wax, candelabras and palace. This kingly and solar perfume blends a green and wooded wake of coniferous trees to the sumptuous dizziness of incense with a light ray of citrus.
Head: green leaves, eucalyptus, orange. Heart: fir's bark. Bottom: cedar, incense.


Versailles has recently begun selling Let Them Eat Cake Coconut candles, and I wanted to buy a few but they have already sold out, so I can't report back on them...yet.  But They are selling a bust of Marie Antoinette in candle form, by Cire Trudon! How fabulous is this!

There are several other fragrances and candles that look quite divine so I encourage you to check out the website at http://ciretrudon.com/.  Some other brands that I like include Voluspa candles and Bluewick.  If you have any other suggestions please let me know. If you try any of these candles I would love to hear what you think!

Exciting News We have all been waiting for!

 Did we not just ask for such a thing recently? 

A new TV series to look forward to! ....*drum-roll* ....Versailles!

According to news sources and thanks to a heads up from reader Jessica, it appears the writers of Madmen are teaming up to create a TV series about the court of Louis XIV. You could never know too much about this period or court life, and I have confidence we wont be let down!

Anne Thomopoulos is the executive producer for the new series.  You may recognize her name from Rome, HBO's acclaimed TV series which has been called the most real Rome ever recreated!  This alone ensures the show will be amazing!

Currently partners are being sought "to develop the series."¹  They should reach out to French and Saunders for some 18th century wit. A true sign of the times! Let's create a buzz so a good channel picks it up! I vote for Showtime.



I leave you with:  (still makes me laugh!)

The Scandalous Regent: Philippe Charles duc de Chartres

Philippe Charles, born duc de Chartres (1674), later duc d'Orleans, was born at St Cloud; his mother was Elizabeth Charlotte and father was Philippe de France.  Most importantly, the young duc de Chartres' uncle was Louis XIV.  With such family connections and such wealth at his fingertips, the little duc naturally acquired a taste for the finer things.  He was fascinated with art, architecture and even the sciences.  He could paint and draw, but he was most skilled at sculpture. 

Ladies, continue reading at your own will. Do not fall victim for the dashing* bloke described below:

As for women, he liked them easy, and would not waste time bothering with a 'conquest.'  He rarely kept a lady for long, moving quickly on to the next.  His way with women began at a tender age, when Philippe was just a child. A particular girl he found himself attracted to was the young Leonore.  She was the daughter of the Concierge of the storeroom of the Palais-Royale and their liaison had caused much gossip to spread.  The Sun King's little nephew had seduced her and the affair was no secret.  Leonore was just a child herself and Louis XIV was rightfully displeased with the incident.  He punished his nephew by refusing to see him until he was called upon by the king himself. Tsk!

He fell for women one after another; in one instance he chose a famous actress to pursue, La Grandval. Philippe's mother immediately felt the match was ill made, and complained that the actress was too old for her son's, "young heart."  He was swiftly moved to Italy at the request of the King, for some military experience.   He would not make it past Lyon without spotting a beautiful lady and subsequently seducing her.  He continued en route to Italy, and they wrote to each other until his return.  When he came back he found... * a child * ! (may the gossip begin again!)

As the story goes, upon finding the little child, he persuaded his lover, Madame de la Massonniere, to move to Paris where he was headed.  Agreeing, and bringing both the child and her mother, they left Lyon 8 days after Philippe.  What appeared to have taken place was plain as day: a kidnapping! The father, husband and grandfather, Monsieur de la Massionniere, were heartbroken. The grandfather was said to be so heartbroken at the theft and possibly so embarrassed at the loss of his family that he died in Lyon of a broken heart. 

Once the rest of the Massionniere's arrived in Paris (a mere 8 days later) they were left with dismay to find that our scandalous regent had already moved on to a tasty comedy actress, and a few days later he moved on again to a lovely dancer with the Opera.  That is just the beginning of it.

In 1701 his father died, leaving him with the title of duc d'Orléans.  Just a few years later his uncle, Louis XIV, passed away.  Louis XV was too young to reign and Philippe Charles became the regent to the throne.  His regency began in 1715 and would endure until 1723.  Surprisingly, or not surprisingly, his romantic sensibilities set the tone for the period of the regency.  Chivalry was not apparent, and women may have been far more apt to be loose....


*would you fall for the duc?

Fragonard's Fantastic Figures



Fragonard, The Goddess Minerva. c. 1772. The Detroit Institute of Arts.

Here I shall supply the art, and YOU supply the stories!

Today I wanted to share the mythological and fictional figures that Fragonard painted. I am not going to give the background story to the figures here, but you can leave the story in the comment section.  Let me know what you think of his treatment of the figures!


Fragonard, Procris and Cephalos.  Musée des beaux-arts.

The 17th and 18th century saw a rise in the popularity of painting mythological and popular figures. They could be read into and represent the fate of man or even man himself. Louis XIV was known to liken himself with Apollo, hence the sun king was as grand as the sun god.


Fragonard, Psyche Showing her Sisters her Gifts from Cupid. 1753. National Gallery, London.

Artists also had no problem depicting these figures in a most sensual and idyllic way. The result is a pleasing combination of fantastic story and soft alluring imagery.


Fragonard, Grand Priest Coresus Sacrifices Himself to save Callirhoe. c. 1765. Louvre.

Vanity Fair: Toujours Couture


If you have not picked up the September issue of Vanity Fair, then you must read the piece by Amy F. Collins, Toujours Couture.  She takes a look at the life of couture and its future.  With the help of Louis XIV and Antoinette, the world of couture was born.  Rose Bertin made a (and lost) a fortune and late Charles Worth pioneered seasonal collections.  You can read the article here, but pick up the issue to see the many, many wonderful images of couture throughout the years.
"Earlier, in 1945, Diana Vreeland had implored an assistant to bring back a fabric rose from Paris, as post-diluvian proof that couture had survived World War II..."

Femme of the Week: Duchesse de Berri

Marie Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon-Orléans was the first daughter of Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans who was the Regent to Louis XV. Her mother was Madame Lucifer, and grandmother was Liselotte. She was born at Versailles on August 20, 1695.

Growing up she always had her own way and was a complete daddy's girl. She disliked her mother, as her father did. When she was only 9 she went on a hunt with her father, and their party noted her spoiled behavior.

When she was 15, her mother wanted her to marry the Duc de Berri, (the king's youngest grandson) however, her mother's sister the Princess of Condé wanted her daughter to be his wife. Although the Princess of Condé's daughter was very lovely, she was 2 years older than Louise Élisabeth and certain parties of the court preferred Louise. She knew she was in the running to marry such a prize as the duc de Berri. In the end things went Louise Élisabeth's way!

When her betrothal was announced, those against the marriage were quick to spread the worst rumors and gossip throughout Versailles and even Paris. The rumor that the duc d'Orleans and Louise Élisabeth had incestuous relations were talked about the most, a complete scandal to the family.

The wedding still happened, and the ceremony was lovely. Yet scandal continued to follow. After the wedding, as the new husband and wife were escorted to their residence, guests gathered to watch the lovely scene. Most of the fell victim to pick-pockets who mixed in by dressing as priest and ordinary invited guests!

The marriage to the duc was good for a few months, but before long the two were fighting in public, much to the displeasure of the king. Married in June, a scene in August left her husband very unhappy... She was at St. Cloud and had a little too much to drink. (Think Lindsay Lohan) She was so drunk that she blacked out and had to be driven back home before she could cause any harm to herself or expensive objects near her!

Sadly her husband did love her, but her progressive actions made the love cool over time. A catty girl, she picked a fight with her sister-in-law the Duchess of Burgundy. The fight cooled the relationship between her husband and his brother. This was fine until the Dauphin died making the Duchess of Burgundy the Dauphine and her husband Dauphin! Louise Élisabeth was totally loathed at court!

Louis XIV scolded her in a way that said 'he did not want to have this discussion again,' being the ultimate mortification anyone could receive. As a result many at court avoided her all together. Eventually she began to ignore her husband, and any love he had for her died. She mocked him publicly and made fun of his beliefs. He was so unhappy he even considered asking his grandfather (Louis XIV) for a separation! And all this was before he knew of her affair!

She had been sleeping with his first Chamberlain, and was trying to convince the man to steal her away to Holland! He was too cowardly to go through with it (someone had a head on their shoulders) but the scandal spread through the court and we can only assume the duc de Berri heard it too. Shortly after the scandal broke when a scene was reported, that in front of a large group of people the duc "took his wife by the neck and kicked her bottom repeatedly, threatening to shut her up in a convent for the rest of her life."

Femme of the Week: Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchesse d'Orléans

Elizabeth Charlotte was Marie Antoinette's great grandmother. She was chosen by Louis XIV to marry his brother, the Duc d'Orléans after his first wife passed away. The marriage made her the second lady at the court of Versailles next to the Queen.

She was whisked over to France to meet her future husband, Philippe Duc d'Orléans. He appeared to her decked out in precious gems and wearing strong perfume. His surprise was just as great as hers no doubt on first sight, she did not wear much make up, in fact seemed to neglect material luxuries completely in her attire. Elizabeth (Liselotte) was fair skinned, and blond, she could pass for a "Swiss-peasant" in the way about her. In short he was not pleased and had immediately said, "how on earth am I to sleep with that?"

Maybe the irony here is that Philipe preferred men. Together they were a true odd couple. Liselotte cared not for material possessions, had no desire to follow fashion, and she loved to hunt and fish.

The duc loved fashion, scandalous gossip, and he loved being catty! He liked to spend afternoons with toys to tinker with, merely for amusement, sweets, and talking about people at court with people from court, all the while injecting wit into conversation. How did these two get on? Rather well!

Neither of them enjoyed sex. Liselotte said "the task of manufacturing children..a nasty dangerous, stupid business, from no stage of which did I ever derive the slightest pleasure." Perhaps this was because her husband had a very difficult time doing the deed. (with her.)

Drama!
In any case they had 2 sons, the Duc de Valois and the Duc de Chartres. She had drama in her life, especially when her son, the Duc de Chartres, was to marry the daughter of the marquise de Montespan, a lover of the king and her enemy. Liselotte wanted to just die when this decision was made and her disgust of the match only grew with time. She went as far as slapping her son in front of the court! She wrote to her family complaining about Françoise-Marie, and this caught up with her later in life when she was confronted with the letters. She was warned to turn her attitude around!

Eventually her son would become Regent to the young Louis XV, making her the 1st lady at Versailles. But Montespan was still alive and kicking, near 15 years her senior. Liselotte viewed it a goal to outlive her rival, and she took very good care of her health. She would write about how she took care of herself and avoided medical practices of the day she disagreed with, such as bleeding. She viewed French women as sickly, and felt herself much more healthier than they were. Instead she was known to take make walks out doors and avoid medicines.
"It has become the fashion here to complain about the air; the princesse de Conti does not want to go out at all...neither does [my daughter in law]; they are forever having purges (artificially induced), bleedings, acidulous waters, and baths (extremely hot);...I tell them...if I were to live as they do, I would be even sicker than they are..."
excerpt from A Woman's Life
Her efforts seemed to pay off and she outlived Montespan and died at the age of 70, 12.08.1722

Versailles, Biography of a Palace


Today I finished the book, Versailles: A Biography of a Palace. It is rather saucy, with interesting details and accounts from those who inhabited the glamorous palace. From the time of the Sun King to Louis XVI, this 'biography' recalls interesting bits of history that took place under the guilt roofs of the Palace. The sheer gossip and juicy stories keep the pages turning.

You will learn that Princesse Lamballe was not so 'featherbrained' as history might recall. There is a discussion on the parties the Duchesse de Polignac threw, and who would use her for gain. In society and in this case, in Versailles, a lover could not show any affection to his mistress - in public that is!

When the doors are closed anything goes. When the doors are open, you dare to touch the back of the chair she sits in! There are even bits about which rooms certain people did you-know-what in! If you are one who wishes walls could talk, this book might be the closest thing you will come by.


Here is an excerpt:

At Versailles chamber pots were common as well, if not universal, and in the eighteenth century, despite attempts to stop the practice, servants on the upper stories frequently emptied them into the interior courts below. The dauphine Marie-Antoinette was once hit as she crossed the kings inner courtyards beneath the numerous windows of the king's mistress, Madame du Barry.

Spawforth, Antony. 2008. Versailles: a biography of a palace. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312357856

Femme of the Week: Madame Lucifer


Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Blois, duchesse d'Orleans, by François de Troy. 1692, oil on canvas. Salles les princesses royales, Salles du XVII, Aile du Nord- Chateau de Versailles.

Illegitimate daughter of famous mistress Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, marquise de Montespan and Louis XIV, Françoise-Marie de Bourbon was born May 4, 1677. She was raised away from 'home' - that is, not at Versailles with mom and dad. She was a beautiful little girl and her beauty only grew as she did.

Her mother's good standing with the king diminished when the affaire des poisons became big news, however Françoise-Marie was not affected. Louis XIV gave the four year old the title of Mademoiselle de Blois and had plans for her to marry. There are always special plans for marriage! In her case, she was arraigned to marry his nephew the duc de Chartres who would later become the duc d'Orleans. I suppose the 'second scandal' of her life could be considered here. The first being she was an illegitimate child of the king. tsk tsk. Now this illegitimate daughter was to marry a very legitimate grandson of Louis XIII. This did not settle well with the future mother-in-law. To persuade the future father-in-law, the duc d'Orleans, the king gave his brother bribes, and he consented without an issue.
Detail of Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Blois, duchesse d'Orleans, by François de Troy. 1692, oil on canvas. Salles les princesses royales, Salles du XVII, Aile du Nord- Chateau de Versailles. Photograph by Robert Polidori.

They had a splendid wedding in the chapel at Versailles in February, 1692. Françoise-Marie was 14 years at the time, and old enough to feel a bit pessimistic about the arrangement, reportedly saying, "I don't care if he loves me; just as long as he marries me." You can be as pessimistic as you want but it was not hard to see the benefit of this marriage.

She was a Granddaughter of France once a wife, making her the most important of the illegitimate kids. When she was 33 her husband became the duc d'Orleans, and the two lived well-well pampered. In 1715 her father died, and her 5 year old nephew Louis XV was king. Her husband took charge of the country for the boy king and thus throughout the la Régence Françoise-Marie was perhaps the most important lady at court.

She spent money. And why not! Her husband was no better. Together they had seven surviving children but they were not happy together. The duc had many other mistresses and even had his own handful of illegitimate children. His mother never accepted her daughter-in-law, as her memoirs mention, "all the femmes de chambre have made her believe that she did my son honour in marrying him; and she is so vain of her own birth and that of her brothers and sisters that she will not hear a word said against them; she will not see any difference between legitimate and illegitimate children"

So what makes this vibrant beauty, married to one of France's top men, bore him sons and was favoured by her father Madame Lucifer? Well, like all daughters of famous mistresses, Françoise-Marie had a little bit of a temper. She had the personality for it, proud and maybe a bit pompous - um..her dad was Louis XIV after all! Her darling husband once openly disapproved of her heated episodes and called her Madame Lucifer. Befitting for a hot-tempered beauty, no?

Affaire des Poisons

Sephora emailed me to let me know about Dior's new color this season, Poison. A super dark color that sparkles like a corvette. This lady over here is La Voisin, and I bet she would have loved Dior's color.

La Voisin (Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin 1640-1680) made a living for herself selling poisons, well love powders and 'inheritance powders' to many at the French Court. Her extraordinary client list included Olympe Mancini, comtesse de Soissons, (her sister was a favourite of Louis XIV), Louise Duchesse de la Valliere (a mistress of Louis XIV), Francoise-Athenais, marquise de Montespan (Louis XIV’s infamous mistress) and the comtesse de Gramont (A beauty of her time, charming and witty.) Inheritance powder became popular because of the Marquise de Brinvillers.


The Brinvilliers do not belong to this century, rather the 17th century. Marie-Madeleine-Marguerite d’Aubray, Marquise de Brinvillers was charged with poisoning her family, father, mother and sisters to gain inheritance along with her lover. Her particular end was phenomenal complete with torture: forced consumption of 16 pints of water, decapitation and finally to be burned at the stake. She was executed in 1675, and this sparked the Affaire des Poisons in France.


Marie Antoinette’s great uncle Louis XIV became concerned of being poisoned himself and hired foretasters, to make sure his food was safe. He started an investigation to discover killers who used poisons by way of their dealers, who sold them “inheritance powders.”


Many were arrested, and would turn in their list of clients. La Voisin was quickly arrested on the grounds of witchcraft and she willingly named her popular clientele. She was burned at the stake and the reputations of her clients were ruined.